Bring cream cheese, eggs, and sour cream to room temperature for 1-2 hours before starting.
Preheat oven to 350°F (175°C). Line springform pan bottom with parchment paper, grease sides, and wrap exterior with 2 layers of heavy-duty foil.
Combine graham cracker crumbs, sugar, and cinnamon in a bowl. Stir in melted butter until mixture resembles wet sand. Press firmly into pan bottom.
Bake crust at 350°F (175°C) for 8-10 minutes until golden and toasted. Cool completely on a wire rack. Reduce oven temperature to 325°F (165°C).
Beat softened cream cheese on medium speed for 3-4 minutes until completely smooth and fluffy. Scrape down the bowl frequently.
Add both sugars and mix for 2 minutes until incorporated and frosting-like in texture.
Whisk together pumpkin puree, spices, flour, and vanilla in a separate bowl. Add to cream cheese mixture and mix on low until just combined.
Add eggs one at a time, mixing on low after each addition until yolk disappears. Add sour cream and mix on low until just incorporated.
Pour filling over cooled crust and smooth the top. Tap pan on counter to release air bubbles. Place in roasting pan and add 1 inch of hot water.
Bake at 325°F (165°C) for 60-75 minutes until edges are set and center jiggles like Jell-O. Internal temperature should reach 145-150°F (63-66°C).
Turn off oven and leave cheesecake inside with door cracked 1 inch for 1 hour to cool gradually.
Remove from water bath and place on wire rack. Run a thin knife around pan edge to loosen. Cool completely at room temperature for about 1 hour.
Cover and refrigerate for at least 6 hours, preferably overnight. Release pan sides and serve chilled with whipped cream and caramel sauce.