Prep your vegetables: Chop cabbage into 1-inch pieces, dice onion and bell pepper, mince garlic, and chop fresh herbs.
Heat olive oil in a large 12-inch skillet over medium-high heat. Add ground beef, season with salt and pepper, and cook until browned, breaking into crumbles, about 5-7 minutes. Drain excess fat if needed.
Reduce heat to medium. Add onion and bell pepper and cook until softened, 3-4 minutes. Add garlic and cook for 1 minute until fragrant.
Stir in smoked paprika and cinnamon, cook for 30 seconds until toasted. Add uncooked rice and cook for 60-90 seconds, stirring constantly, until lightly toasted.
Add diced tomatoes, tomato sauce, beef broth, Worcestershire sauce, soy sauce, apple cider vinegar, and sugar. Stir well, scraping up browned bits from the pan.
Add chopped cabbage to the skillet (it will pile high — this is normal). Stir to combine. Bring to a boil, then reduce heat to low, cover with a tight-fitting lid, and simmer for 20-25 minutes, stirring every 7-8 minutes, until rice is tender and liquid is absorbed.
Once cooked, taste and adjust seasoning. If using cheese, scatter over the top, cover, and let sit for 2-3 minutes to melt. Garnish with fresh herbs and serve with sour cream if desired.