Let the chuck roast rest at room temperature for 20–30 minutes, then cut into 1-inch cubes. Pat every piece thoroughly dry with paper towels, then season all sides with 1 tsp salt and ½ tsp pepper.
Heat 1 tbsp olive oil in a large Dutch oven over medium-high heat. Add half the beef in a single layer and sear undisturbed for 3–4 minutes per side until deeply browned; repeat with remaining beef. Transfer to a plate, leaving all drippings in the pot.
Reduce heat to medium, add the onion and celery, and sauté 4–5 minutes until softened, scraping up the browned bits. Add garlic and stir for 1 minute until fragrant.
Push aromatics to the sides and add the tomato paste to the center of the pot. Cook for 1–2 minutes, stirring and pressing it around the pot, then stir into the aromatics.
Pour in the beef broth and water, scraping up all browned bits from the bottom. Add diced tomatoes, Worcestershire sauce, thyme, oregano, basil, bay leaves, and the browned beef with any juices; stir to combine and bring to a boil.
Reduce heat to medium-low, partially cover, and simmer gently for 45 minutes, stirring occasionally, until the beef begins to tenderize and the broth develops flavor.
Stir in the cubed potatoes and sliced carrots, then partially cover and simmer for another 20–25 minutes until fork-tender but still holding their shape.
Add the green beans and simmer 10–12 minutes until tender-crisp, then stir in the frozen corn and peas and cook 5 more minutes until heated through.
Remove and discard the bay leaves, taste and adjust salt and pepper as needed, then stir in fresh parsley and ladle into bowls.