Bring a large pot of water to a rolling boil and add 1 tablespoon kosher salt. Cook the rotini until al dente, about 8 to 10 minutes, then reserve 1/4 cup pasta water before draining.
Rinse the drained pasta under cold running water until completely cool, shake off excess water, and transfer to a large mixing bowl.
Whisk together sour cream, mayonnaise, minced chipotle peppers, lime juice, cumin, chili powder, garlic powder, smoked paprika, salt, and pepper until smooth. Taste and adjust heat and brightness.
Drain and rinse the black beans and corn, pat dry, and set aside. Dice the bell peppers, halve the cherry tomatoes and drain on paper towel, finely dice the red onion, mince the jalapeño, and chop the cilantro.
Halve the avocado, remove the pit, score the flesh in a crosshatch pattern, and scoop out the cubes with a spoon. Dice just before assembling to minimize browning.
Add the beans, corn, bell peppers, tomatoes, red onion, and jalapeño to the cooled pasta. Pour about two-thirds of the dressing over the top and toss gently but thoroughly to coat.
Gently fold in the diced avocado, shredded Mexican cheese, and chopped cilantro. Add more dressing gradually until dressed to your liking.
Cover and refrigerate for at least 20 to 30 minutes to let the flavors meld. Before serving, taste and adjust with extra lime juice and salt, then serve cold or at room temperature.