Rinse and dry the cauliflower, then cut it into bite-sized florets, about 1 to 1.5 inches (2.5 to 4 cm) each, trying to keep them uniform in size.
Lightly spray the inside of your slow cooker insert with non-stick cooking spray or line it with a slow cooker liner for easy cleanup.
Spread half of the cauliflower florets in an even layer at the bottom, then dot with half the cream cheese, half the cheddar, half the mozzarella, and half the bacon bits.
Sprinkle half of the garlic powder, onion powder, smoked paprika, salt, and black pepper evenly over the first layer.
Add the remaining cauliflower florets in an even layer, then repeat with the rest of the cream cheese, cheddar (reserving 1/4 cup for later), mozzarella, and bacon bits.
Sprinkle the remaining seasonings over the top, place the lid securely on the slow cooker, and cook on LOW for 3 to 3.5 hours, stirring gently halfway through.
If you prefer a thicker sauce, whisk 2 tablespoons of cornstarch with 2 tablespoons of cold water and stir it into the casserole 20 to 30 minutes before serving. Cook for another 20 to 30 minutes.
Turn off the slow cooker, sprinkle the reserved 1/4 cup of shredded cheddar over the top, and let it melt from the residual heat for about 5 minutes. Garnish with sliced green onions and serve.