Preheat oven to 425°F (220°C). Line a 12-cup muffin tin with paper liners or grease well. Lightly spray inside of liners to prevent sticking from peach pieces.
Peel peaches by scoring an X on the bottom, blanching in boiling water for 30 seconds, then transferring to an ice bath. Dice into 1/2-inch pieces and pat dry with paper towels to remove excess moisture.
In a large bowl, whisk together flour, baking powder, baking soda, cinnamon, and salt until fully combined. Make a well in the center of the dry ingredients.
In a separate medium bowl, whisk sugar and eggs for about 1 minute until slightly thickened. Add melted butter, sour cream, vanilla, and milk, whisking until smooth and combined.
Pour wet mixture into the well of dry ingredients. Fold with a rubber spatula using 10-12 slow strokes until just combined, leaving a few small streaks of flour. Do not overmix.
Add diced peaches to the batter and gently fold in with 3-4 strokes, keeping peach pieces intact. The thick batter is exactly as it should be.
Divide batter evenly among 12 muffin cups, filling each about 3/4 to nearly full. Sprinkle about 1/2 teaspoon of turbinado sugar on top of each unbaked muffin.
Bake at 425°F (220°C) for exactly 5 minutes, then reduce oven temperature to 350°F (175°C) without opening the door. Continue baking for 15-18 minutes until golden brown and a toothpick comes out clean.
Cool muffins in the tin for 5 minutes, then transfer to a wire rack to cool completely. Serve warm or at room temperature.