Slice each chicken breast in half horizontally to create 4 thin cutlets. Place between plastic wrap and pound to an even ½-inch (1.3cm) thickness.
In a large bowl, whisk together buttermilk, buffalo sauce, garlic powder, onion powder, smoked paprika, cayenne, salt, and pepper. Add chicken, coat completely, and refrigerate for at least 30 minutes (1-2 hours for best results).
In a medium bowl, combine shredded cabbage, carrots, ranch dressing, and lime juice. Season with salt and pepper, toss to coat, and refrigerate until assembly.
In a shallow dish, combine flour, cornstarch, garlic powder, onion powder, smoked paprika, cayenne, salt, and pepper. Whisk until fully combined.
Remove chicken from marinade, letting excess drip off. Press firmly into flour mixture on all sides, shake off loose flour, and let rest for 5-10 minutes before frying.
Heat 2 inches (5cm) of vegetable oil in a cast iron skillet or Dutch oven to 350°F (175°C). Maintain this temperature throughout frying.
Working in batches of two, fry chicken for 4-5 minutes per side until golden brown and internal temperature reaches 165°F (74°C). Drain on a wire rack, not paper towels.
Combine ½ cup buffalo wing sauce with 2 tablespoons melted butter in a small saucepan over low heat. Stir until smooth and glossy.
Using a pastry brush, generously coat both sides of each fried chicken piece with the warm buffalo sauce. Return to the wire rack.
Spread butter on cut sides of brioche buns and toast in a skillet over medium heat for 1-2 minutes until golden. Place buffalo chicken on bottom bun, top with ranch coleslaw and pickles, then add top bun. Serve immediately.