Place flank steak in the freezer for 15-20 minutes. Slice thinly against the grain into ¼ inch (6mm) thick strips and cut any long pieces in half.
In a large bowl, whisk together 2 tablespoons soy sauce, oyster sauce, sesame oil, brown sugar, garlic, ginger, red pepper flakes (if using), and 1 tablespoon cornstarch. Reserve 3 tablespoons of marinade for the finishing sauce.
Add beef strips to the marinade and toss to coat. Marinate at room temperature for 20-30 minutes, or refrigerate for up to 2 hours or overnight for deeper flavor.
Toss broccoli florets in a small bowl with vegetable oil, the remaining 1 tablespoon soy sauce, and a pinch of salt and pepper.
Preheat air fryer to 375°F (190°C). Arrange marinated beef in a single layer in the basket (cook in batches if needed). Air fry for 7-8 minutes, shaking halfway through. Transfer to a clean bowl.
Place seasoned broccoli in a single layer in the air fryer basket. Air fry at 375°F (190°C) for 6-8 minutes, shaking halfway, until tender with charred tips.
Pour reserved marinade and any accumulated beef juices into a small saucepan with 2 tablespoons water. Bring to a simmer, then whisk in a slurry of 1 teaspoon cornstarch mixed with 1 tablespoon cold water. Cook for 1-2 minutes until thickened and glossy.
Combine cooked beef and broccoli in a bowl. Pour thickened sauce over and toss to coat. Garnish with sesame seeds and sliced green onions. Serve immediately over rice or noodles.